Ulaanbaatar is capital of Mongolia. Situated on a windswept plateau, it was founded in the mid 17th centuryas the residence of the Living Buddha(bodgo-gegen). A century later it had become a trading centre on caravan routes between Russia and China; it remains the principal junction of Mongolian transportation routes. The Mongolian revolt for independence was centred there in 1911. It became the capitalwhen the Mongolian People's Republic was established in 1924 and remained the capital when the country's name was changed to Mongolia in 1992. It is the country's main industrial centre. As the cultural and academic center of the nation, Ulaanbaatar is the seat of major art and culture establishments, museums, and educational institutions.